A Comparative Study of the Legal Rights and Duties of Lawful Aliens in the United States and the People\u27s Republic of China

In this Article, Messrs. Kraus and Huijun set forth a comparative study of the legal rights and duties of aliens residing in the United States and in the People\u27s Republic of China. Historical patterns and practices regarding aliens are considered for their contribution to and influence on current law and policies. The core of the Article focuses on the treatment of aliens under current law in both countries, how that law functions, and future perspectives. It does so primarily by contrasting the legal and practical positions of lawful aliens, as opposed to citizens, in both countries

Scheduling Fork-Join Task Graphs to Heterogeneous Processors

The scheduling of task graphs with communication delays has been extensively studied. Recently, new results for the common sub-case of fork-join shaped task graphs were published, including an EPTAS and polynomial algorithms for special cases. These new results modelled the target architecture to consist of homogeneous processors. However, forms of heterogeneity become more and more common in contemporary parallel systems, such as CPU--accelerator systems, with their two types of resources. In this work, we study the scheduling of fork-join task graphs with communication delays, which is representative of highly parallel workloads, onto heterogeneous systems of related processors. We present an EPAS, and some polynomial time algorithms for special cases, such as with equal processing costs or unlimited resources. Lastly, we briefly look at the above described case of two resource-types and its implications. It is interesting to note, that all results here also apply to scheduling independent tasks with release times and deadlines.Comment: 14 page

Fuzzy-model-based robust fault detection with stochastic mixed time-delays and successive packet dropouts

This is the Post-Print version of the Article. The official published version can be accessed from the link below - Copyright @ 2012 IEEEThis paper is concerned with the network-based robust fault detection problem for a class of uncertain discrete-time Takagi–Sugeno fuzzy systems with stochastic mixed time delays and successive packet dropouts. The mixed time delays comprise both the multiple discrete time delays and the infinite distributed delays. A sequence of stochastic variables is introduced to govern the random occurrences of the discrete time delays, distributed time delays, and successive packet dropouts, where all the stochastic variables are mutually independent but obey the Bernoulli distribution. The main purpose of this paper is to design a fuzzy fault detection filter such that the overall fault detection dynamics is exponentially stable in the mean square and, at the same time, the error between the residual signal and the fault signal is made as small as possible. Sufficient conditions are first established via intensive stochastic analysis for the existence of the desired fuzzy fault detection filters, and then, the corresponding solvability conditions for the desired filter gains are established. In addition, the optimal performance index for the addressed robust fuzzy fault detection problem is obtained by solving an auxiliary convex optimization problem. An illustrative example is provided to show the usefulness and effectiveness of the proposed design method.This work was supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant 61028008, 60825303, 61004067, National 973 Project under Grant 2009CB320600, the Key Laboratory of Integrated Automation for the Process Industry (Northeastern University), Ministry of Education, the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) of the U.K. under Grant GR/S27658/01, the Royal Society of the U.K., the University of Hong Kong under Grant HKU/CRCG/200907176129 and the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation of Germany

Role of Atmosphere-ocean-ice Interaction in the Linkage between December Bering Sea Ice and Subsequent February Surface Air Temperature Over North America

Under embargo until 2023-08-16This study revealed that the interannual variations of December Bering Sea ice and subsequent February surface air temperature (SAT) over North America are significantly correlated during 2000/01-2020/21, which is not the case during 1966/67-1999/2000. During 2000/01-2020/21, reduced December Bering Sea ice is generally followed by a February meridional dipole pattern in the atmospheric circulation over North America, which provides favorable conditions for colder temperatures. Further analysis elucidates that the intensified persistence of December Bering Sea ice anomaly might be responsible for the identified change in such a lead-lag sea ice-SAT linkage. During 2000/01-2020/21, the Bering Sea ice anomaly in December can persist into the subsequent February during which the Bering Sea ice anomaly can stimulate an eastward-propagating Rossby wave train propagating to North America and causing the meridional dipole pattern. The longer persistence of December Bering Sea ice anomaly during 2000/01-2020/21 is attributed to the interdecadal intensified atmosphere-ocean-ice interaction over the Bering Sea - a positive feedback loop that favors the persistence of Bering Sea ice anomaly. A negative sea-ice concentration anomaly with more open water in the Bering Sea would allow the ocean to release more heat and warm more the air aloft. This will lead to more downward longwave radiation, preventing the winter sea ice growth and helping maintain the Bering Sea ice anomaly. Results of this study indicates that the intensity of atmosphere-ocean-ice interaction in the Bering Sea may modulate the linkage between the February SAT over North America and the preceding December Bering Sea ice.publishedVersio